Executive agreements are crucial to the conduct of foreign policy. These agreements, which are international treaties made by the executive branch of the government, are considered an integral tool in the arsenal of foreign policy instruments. They are typically used to address issues of mutual interest, such as trade, arms control, and immigration.
The role of executive agreements in foreign policy is multifaceted. They can be used to forge alliances, establish economic partnerships, and resolve disputes. In most cases, they are designed to provide a framework for cooperation between two or more countries.
Executive agreements are often used when the Senate is unable to ratify a treaty. This may occur for a variety of reasons, such as when the treaty is controversial or faces significant opposition within the government. In these situations, the President can use executive agreements to accomplish similar goals without having to go through the ratification process.
One example of the use of executive agreements in foreign policy is the Paris Climate Agreement. This agreement, which was signed by President Obama in 2015, committed the United States to reducing its greenhouse gas emissions. Although the agreement was not ratified by the Senate, the President was able to implement it through executive action.
Another example is the Iran Nuclear Deal, which was negotiated between the United States, Iran, and other international partners. Although the deal was not a treaty, it was implemented through executive action and was a significant foreign policy achievement for the Obama administration.
Overall, executive agreements play a critical role in the conduct of foreign policy. They offer a flexible and effective mechanism for addressing global issues and can help to foster cooperation between countries. While they are not always viewed as ideal, they provide a valuable tool for policymakers in navigating complex international challenges.